THE TOPIC OF WAR IN VASYL SUKHOMLYNSKYI'S BOOK "HOW TO RAISE A REAL PERSON": A DIALOGUE WITH THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE

Abstract

bstract. The article deals with the topic of war in the educational aspect. It
is argued that the appeal to historical experience will allow not only a deeper
understanding of the tragedy of the World War II, but also contribute to the
understanding of the current Russian military aggression against Ukraine and to
the comprehension of the phenomenon of war in its global inhuman sense. It is
proved that in Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi's book "How to Raise a Real Person" the
topic of war appears as one of the key elements influencing the education of the
younger generation. Brief information about the publication of the book, its
content and structure is provided. It is noted that both the title "How to Raise a
Real Person" and the titles of the book's chapters distance it from the official
Soviet pedagogy, which was engaged in the construction of a "Soviet person",
and the content of the book, despite the presence of Soviet rhetoric, contradicts
the trends in education at the time. It is found that V. Sukhomlynskyi uses his
own experience of understanding the war for educational purposes: in ethical
discussions, the topic of war is used to form in students - future citizens historical
memory, patriotism, awareness of the criminal nature of treason, understanding of
death, responsibility for the present and future of the Motherland, and norms of
behaviour in times when the country is experiencing disaster and grief. It has
been found that the teacher pays special attention to the education of the future
warrior - the defender of his native land, determining the need to implement three
interrelated pedagogical tasks: 1) to provide the education necessary for the
possession of modern weapons, 2) to establish a sense of hatred for the enemy, 3)
to cultivate spiritual readiness for a combat community and brotherhood. It is
emphasized that in the context of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, V.
Sukhomlynskyi's thoughts and advice on the essence of war as the greatest human
grief and the use of the war theme in the educational process are not only relevant
but also of prognostic interest, in particular, in updating the content of nationalpatriotic education in modern educational institutions and in teaching the subject
"Defence of Ukraine".